Boiler-injector



(Modell) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. J D LYNDB BOILBR INJEGTOR.

` Patented Nov. 11, 1890.

(Model.) 2 Sheets--Sheet 2. J. D. LYNDE. BOILER INJEGTOR.

Patented Nov. 11, 1890.

/ /Mmfi VUNITED STATES .PATENT OFFICE.

JOI-IN D. LYNDE, OF HADDONFIELD, NEIV JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO lI-IE HANCOCKINSPIRATOR COMPANY, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

BOlLER-INJECTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 440,488, dated November11, 1890.

To all whom it may concern'.-

Be it known that I, JOHN D. LYNDE, of Had doniield, in the county ofCamden, and in the l State of New Jersey, have inven tedcertain new anduseful Improvements in Boiler-Injectors; and I do hereby declare thatthe following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

My improvement relates to those injectors which contain a forcingapparatus and alifting apparatus arranged relatively to each other, sothat thelifting apparatus shall take water from a well o1' other supplyand deliver it to the forcingapparatus, whence by the latter it isforced into the boiler or against a resistance even greater than thepressure of the actuating-steam. In such injectors prior to my inventionthe lifter (as I shall hereinafter call the first or lifting apparatus)has been provided with a waste opening either in its combining-tube orbetween that combining-tube and the mouth or inlet end of thecombining-tube of the forcer (as I shall hereinafter call the secondapparatus) and communicating with the atmosphere, the object of thiswaste-opening being to facilitate the starting of the lifter. If thiswaste-open ing is located between the discharge end of thecombining-tube of the lifter and the mouth of the combining-tube of theforcer, as is usually the case, it must be closed after thelifter iswell at work, in order that the lifter may thereafter deliver to theforcer all the .water which issues from its combining-tube. The closingof this waste-opening has hitherto been effected usually by a valvemanipulated by the engineer.

In this class of injectors the forcer is provided with a waste-opening,which may be located, as in the original Gitfard injector, at or verynear the throat of the forcer combining-tube, in which case a valve isusuallyprovided to prevent the indraft of air at the opening after theinjector is in operation, or the waste-opening may be located betweenthe throat of the forcer combining-tube and the check-valve in thedelivery-pipe, in which case a valve must be provided to close itafterthe stream through the forcer has attained the required velocity.

My improvement obviates the necessity for the waste-opening for thelifter located either in its combining-tube or between that tube and theforcer combining-tube, except when water is to be lifted from aconsiderable depth below the injector, or when steam of high pressure isused to actuate the injector.

In getting injectors of this class into operan tion it sometimes occursthat steam. is admitted to the forcer steam-jet tube before the currentof water from the lifter is established through the forcercombining-tube, and in such case, as the steam which issues from theforcer steam-jet tube cannot escape, except through the throat of theforcer combiningtube (which is necessarily of small area relatively tothe arca of the smallest bore of the forcer steam-jet tube) or the usualwasteopening at or near that throat, it passes back into or toward thedischarge end of the lifter and creates a back-pressure which hindersand often prevents the lifter from working.

My improvement, by affording an additional vent in the forcercombining-tube, enables the forcer to start more readily thanheretofore, and consequently the forcer-steam interferes less with theworking of the lifter.

My invention consists in providing an injector of the class describedwith an additional waste-opening located in the forcer combining-tubebetween its mouth and its throatthat is to say, between its throat andthe discharge end of its forcer steam-jet passage-where the larea incross-section of the bore of that combining-tube is about equal to orgreater than the area in cross-section of the smallest portion of theforcer steam-jet passage.

It also consists in providing an injector of the class described with anadditional wasteopening located in the forcer combiningftube at or nearor beyond its throat, as above described, and a valve whereby the effluxof fluid to the atmosphere from that opening is permitted and the influxof air prevented.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure I shows a vertical section of oneinjector embodying my improvements, and Fig. 2 asimilar section of amodified form of injector also embodying my improvements.

Letters of like name and kind refer to like parts in each of thefigures.

A is the casing, in which is an opening B IOC for the admission of steamand an opening C for the admission of water. A partition D separates thesteam-chambers B B2 from the water-chamber C.

a c is the steam-j et tube of the lifter. This tube is fittedsteam-tight in the partition D, but is made movable therein by means ofa threaded stem E, working in the nut or bonnet E. The stem E isenlarged at E3 on its end at the right, as shown in the drawings. E4 isa nut encircling the enlarged portion E3 of the stem E, and is screwedonto the prolon gation of the lifter steam-j et tube a, so that when thestem E is rotated the lifter steamjet tube a is moved longitudinally,butis not rotated. The bonnet E is provided with a stuffing-box and thestem E with a handwheel E2. Steam is admitted to the lifter steam-jettube a a through holes a2, which communicate with the steam-chamber B',which chamber is supplied with steam through the port B3. v y

b is the lifter combining-tube, enlarged at its mouth b. Its dischargeend is at b2'. The bore of this tube is i-n axial line with that ofthe'lifter steam-jet tube a d. It passesthrough that portion of thepartition D which separates the steam-'chamber B2 from the'waterchamberC', and is tted tightly enough th ere- .which extends into thesteam-chamber B2, and

into the nut thus formed the combining-tube b of the lifter is screwed.

That portion of the tube d which lies to the right ofthe discharge endb2 of the lifter 'combining-tube constitutes the combiningtube of theforcer. Its bore converges in the direction of the ilow of the fluiduntil the throat d5 is reached, whence it expands' and forms What issometimes called the deliverytube. To the delivery end of thecombining-tube the pipe for the delivery of the water to the boiler isto be connected, and in this pipe should be placed the usual checkvalveyto prevent the outio'w of water from I Y the boiler when the injector isnot in opera- Y d, `and thereby is formed the annular steamjet tube orpassage of the forcer.

d are holes made in tube d, which constitute the waste opening oroverliow of the Giffard injector shown in United States Patent No.27,979, being located very near the throat of the forcer combining-tube.

C17 are holes which constitute the additional waste-opening to which Ihave referred. They are made in the forcer combining-tube between theplane where the Water discharged from the lifter comes in contact withthe steam which issues from theforcer steam-jet tube or passage-that isto say, the mouth of the forcer combining-tube-and the throat of thattube. The area of the bore of the forcer combiningtube where theventopening formed by the holes d? is made should be about equal to orgreater than the area of the smallest portion of the forcer steam-j etpassage, for reasons which I shall hereinafter set forth.

Both the openings d6 and Z7 communicate with the overflow or wastechamber H, formed in the casing between the partitions F and G. In abranch in the casing is an opening H from the chamber H to theatmosphere. A valve J, opening outwardly and supported against gravityby a weak spring, permits the free outiiow of any fluid from thewaste-'charnber H, but prevents the indraft of air.

The admission of steam first toA the lifter and afterward to both thelifter and forcer is controlled by valves operated by the Vstem M, towhich is attached the hand-leverMQwhich has its fulcrum on the casingA.l

N is a puppet-valve,.which Iwill call the main steam-valve. It is guided,by wings N and is seated in the casing at N2.V Y v O is' anotherpuppet-valve, which I call the lifter steam-valve, formed on the -stemM. Its seat is formed in the valve N at N3. The stem INI extends througha port in the valve N` being made of smaller diameter than that port,and is attached to a piston-valve P, which has its seat in a cylinder Pin that part of the casing which separates the chamber B' from thcchamber B2. The valve P is guided between the wings N in a recess formedtherein. The valves O and P, being attached to the stem- M will movewhen that is moved, and the recess in the wings N is made deep enough,so that the valve'O will be opened fully before the rear end of thevalve P will strike against and open the main valve N. The piston of thevalve P is made of such length that it will not be withdrawn from itscylindrical seat, and thereby open a free passage for the steamto theforcer until after the main valve N has been opened.

To operate the injector, assuming it to be properly connected with theboiler and the water-supply, and the steam-admission valves to beclosed, it is irst necessary to move the lever M enough to draw thelifter steamvalve O from its seat.l Steam will then passv through theport in the'main valve N and through the port BS into the chamber B gthence bythe holes c2 into the steam-jet tube a a of the lifter. Thepiston-valve P atv this time prevents steam from passing into thechamber B2, except such as may leak around IOO IIO

- and d6, (the greater part through the former,)

charged through the openings C17, together -with the fluid dischargedfrom the lifter. As

P, and the steam entering at B will have ure to resist the current fromthe lifter and have shown in Fig. l of the drawings,is comwaste-openingthrough the holes at Z7 being the piston. The steam discharged from the'lifter steam-jet tube and through the lifter combining-tube drives theair before it and eX- hausts it from the water-chamber C', and the steamand air and afterward the water which comes in from the supply aredischarged into. the Waste-chamber H through the holes d? and thencethrough the passage H opening the valve J, to the atmospherei Such steamas leaks by the pistonvalve P will also be dissoon as the stream ofWater is established through the lifter the valve M should be furtherwithdrawn. This will open fully the main steam-valve N and also Withdrawthe piston-valve P from the cylindrical passage free access to both thelifter steam-jet tube or passage and to the forcer steam-jet tube. Thesteam which issues from the latter coming in cont-act with the stream ofwater which is discharged from the lifter readily combines therewith andimparts velocity toit, owing to the vent afforded by the opening at theholes (Z7 Without creating any injurious back-pressdischarges the Waterat first through the holes d? and then through those at d5 untilsufficient velocity has been imparted to the stream to enable it toovercome the resistance of the check-valve in the delivery-pipe, whenthe injector will be in operation. Water which is spilled from theforcer combining-tube in starting or after the injector is in operation'will escape through the passage H controlled by the valve J.

rIhe quantity of water raised and delivered by the lifter can to someextent be regulated by the hand-wheel E2. If in starting the injectorthe lever M is moved quickly, so as to open the valves N and P suddenlyor before the current of Water from the lifter is fully established, theopening afforded by the holes at CZ7 will tend to vent the steam whichissues from the forcer steam-jet tube or passage, so that it shall notmake a back-pressure, and thereby hinder the action of the lifter. Underthese circumstances the injector will start, when, in the absence of theadditional vent afforded by the holes at di', it might have beennecessary to shut the valves N and P and begin over again.

The injector, which I have described and pact by reason of thearrangement of the lifter and forcer in axial line, the exterior of thedischarge end of the lifter combiningtube penetrating into theprolongation of the mouth of the forcer combining-tube to form anannular forcer steamjet passage, the

provided to vent the lifter and to assist in starting the forcer.

When the injector has been got into operathe opening at the holes C17,the plug K may be removed and apipe and stop-cock inserted in its place.The opening thus afforded will only be necessary when Water is liftedfrom a considerable distance below the machine, or when high-pressuresteam is used. It must be closed by the engineer after water has beenlifted.

As the art of constructing both lifters and forcers and of proportioningthem to act together when arranged as in this class of injectors is wellknown, I do not prescribe any details for making the bore of theinterior contour of the several tubes of either the lifter or theforcer.

The holes (Z7, as I have before stated,should be located in the forcercombining-tube bctween the plane Where the steam which issues from theforcer steam-jet tube or passage comes in contact with the water issuingfrom the lifter and the throat of the forcer combining-tube, and wherethe area in cross-section of its bore is about equal to or greater thanthat of the smallest bore of the forcer steam-jet tube or of thesmallest portion of the forcer steam-j et passage. If placed nearer thethroat, the waste opening thereby afforded will be too small to` beeiiicient. They may be placed as near to the mouth of the forcercombining tube as will leave a suiiicient length of combining-tubebetween the mouthl and these holes to insure time for the propercondensation of the steam which issues from the forcer steam-jet tube orpassage before the oommingled water and steam reach these holes, so thatafter the injector is in operation the jet of water shall leap acrossthe opening aorded by the holes and continue in the combining-tube andenter the boiler. It is obvious that the nearer these holes can be madeto the'mouth of the forcer combiningtube without preventing the steamfrom the forcer steam-jet tube or passage from acting with efficiencythe greater will be the vent afforded for both the lifter and thesteam-jet tube or passage of the forcer.

Instead of constructing the forcer as shown, with the ordinarywaste-opening near the throat of its combining-tube, that opening may belocated beyond the throat and between it and the check-valve in thedeliverypipe, as I have before stated. In such case the chamber H andvalve J will serve merely to discharge the steam, air, and water whichissue from t-he waste-opening at di, and to prevent the indraft ofoutside air thereinto.

To attain the object of my invention, itis not necessary to arrange thelifter and forcer in an axial line with each other or to have theannular forcer steam-jet tube or passage, as shown in Fig. 1, anddescribed hereinbefore. The lifter and forcer can be relatively ICO IIO

arranged as in the Hancock inspirator and as shown in Fig. 2,where thelifter discharges water into a chamber which communicates with themouthl of lforcer combining-tube and supplies the water to thelatter'around a central forcer steam-jet tube. In this form of myapparatus I prefer to arrangev the' parts as illustrated in Fig. 2,referred to above. The lifter is precisely like that already describedand shown; but its combining t-ube b discharges into the chamber R,which communicates through a suitable passage with the mouth of theforcer combining-tube OZ, which tube is shown as above and out ot linewith the lifter combining-tube. The forcer steamjet nozzle or tube S,which is of' the ordinary and Well-known construction, takes steam fromthe chamber B2 and discharges itin the usual way in a solid jet into theforcer cornbining-tubecl of the same form and construction as that shownin Fig. l. They forcer steam-j et is then a solid instead of an annularv one, and the water from chamber R is taken into the forcercombining-tube around and on all sides of the steam-jet. The entirelifter and the valves for admitting the steam first to the lifter andthen to the forcer are the same iny construction and operation as thoseshown in Fig. 1, and fully described hereinbefore. They need not then beagain described in connection with the modified arrangement of theforcer. In the forcer combining-tube there are the same openings d6 dand CF @Z7 as before communicating with the chamber IVI and valvedoutlet H the openings It is obvious that the lifter combining-tube canbe held in place in the partition D independent of the tube d, and thatthe tube CZ may be made in` several pieces--as, for instance, the partcl2 may be made in one piece and held in the partition G, forming withthe end ot the lifter combining-tube the forcer steam-jet tube orpassage and a part ot the combiningtube and the portion from thewaste-'opening at CF in one or more separate pieces. I prefer, however,theV construction shown and described, as it permits of the readyremoval of the tubes for examination.

I am aware that forcers have been made prior to this my invention with awaste-'opening located as are the holes at CU; but I am not aware thatsuch an opening hasbeen provided in an injector which contains a lifterand a forcer and in which the lifter delivers the water to the forcer,so that this additional waste-opening shall serve, as I have described,both for a waste-opening for the lifter and to facilitate the startingof' the forcer.

What I claim as my invention is- 1. An injector having a lifter and aforcer,

.-the latter being provided with a waste-opening in itscombining-tube,-between the mouth thereof and its throat, where the areain crosssection of its bore is about equal tov or greater than the areain cross-section of the smallest portion of the forcer steam-jetpassage.

2. An injector having a lifter and a forcer, the latter being providedwith a waste-opening in its combining-tube between themouth thereofaudits throat, where the area in crosssection of its bore is about equalto or greater than the area in cross-section of the smallest portion ofthe forcer steam-jet passage, and also provided with a valvel wherebythe efflux of iiuid to the' atmosphere from that waste-'opening is'permitted and the influx of air prevented, substantially asl and for thepurpose described.

3. In an injector having a lifter and a forcer, in which the lifter bothin starting. the apparatus and after it is in operation delivers all theiiuid discharged through' it to the forcer, a waste-chamber, with whichthe forcer combining-tube communicates through a Wasteopeninglocatedbetween the throat of its coinbining-tube and the discharge end of itssteam-jet passage, where the cross-sectional area of that tube is aboutequal tov or greater than that of the smallest cross-sectional area ofthe forcersteam-jet passagasuch wastechamber being providedl with avalveto permit the efllu-X of fluid to the atmosphere and to prevent theinfluir of air to the chamber, substantially as and for the purposedescribed. l

4. In an injector having a lifterand aforcer,

in which the lifter both in starting. the apparatus and after it is inoperation delivers all the fluid discharged through it to the forcer,awaste-chamber, with which the forcer combining-tube communicatesthrough a wasteopening located between the throat of its combining-tubeand the discharge end of its steam-j et passage,` where thecross-sectional area of that tube is about equal to or greater than thatof the smallest cross-sectional area of the forcer steamjet passage, andalso through a waste opening located at, near, or beyond the throat ofits combining-tube, such Waste-chamber being provided with a valve topermit the efflux of fluid to the atmosphere and to prevent the influxof air to the chamber, substantially as and for the purpose described.

5. An injector having a lifter and a forcer,

. in which the lifter delivers the Water into a chamber or tube whichhas no outlet, except through the forcer, and in which the forcer isprovided with a Waste-opening between the throat of its combining-'tubeand the discharge end of itsV steam-jetv passage, Where smallestcross-sectional area of the forcer steam-jet passage, and in which theforeer is also provided with a Waste-opening at, or near, or beyond thethroat of its combining-tube, substantially as and for the purposedescribed.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I 2o have hereunto set my handthis 10th day of July, 1886.

JOHN D. LYNDE. Witnesses.

Jos. T. SILL, R. L. WRIGHT, Jr.

